![]() ![]() Landslides constitute major natural hazards that cause tremendous “direct” losses, namely, losses of life and damage to buildings, properties, and infrastructures. The combined application of these three remote sensing technologies to obtain the synthetic geomorphological, geotechnical, and geoenvironmental precursors of giant landslides would greatly promote the development of landslide early warning systems. Optical, SAR, and thermal remote sensing all exhibit unique advantages and play an essential role in the identification of giant landslide precursors. ![]() Thermal infrared imagery can identify landslide precursors by monitoring geoenvironmental information, especially in permafrost regions where glaciers are widely distributed the reason may be that freeze–thaw cycles and snowmelt caused by increased temperatures affect the stability of the surface. SAR sensors have the ability to monitor the slight slope deformation caused by unfavorable geological structures and can provide precursor information on imminent failure several days before a landslide furthermore, persistent scatterer interferometric SAR has significant advantages in large-scale surface displacement monitoring. Time-series optical remote sensing data from medium-resolution satellites can be used to obtain abundant information on geomorphological changes, such as the extension of cracks and erosion ditches, and band algebraic analysis, image enhancement, and segmentation techniques are valuable for focusing on the locations of geomorphological landslide precursors. Based on a review of the literature and an analysis of remote sensing imagery, the three main types of remote sensing techniques for capturing the geomorphological, geotechnical, and geoenvironmental precursors of giant landslides are optical, synthetic aperture radar (SAR), and thermal infrared methods, respectively. In this work, we aim to summarize the basic types and evolutionary principles of giant landslide precursors, describe the remote sensing methods capable of identifying those precursors, and present typical cases of related sliding. Detecting the precursors of giant landslides constitutes the premise of landslide monitoring and early warning, and remote sensing is a powerful means to achieve this goal. Offer applies only to published, scheduled service.Monitoring and early warning systems for landslides are urgently needed worldwide to effectively reduce the losses of life and property caused by these natural disasters.Fares are subject to change until ticketed.Standby travel may require an upgrade to the Anytime fare depending on Rapid Rewards® tier status. Any change in itinerary may result in an increase in fare.Unfortunately, any Wanna Get Away or Wanna Get Away Plus funds will be forfeited. If you don’t cancel your reservation at least 10 minutes before the flight’s original scheduled departure time, the value of Business Select or Anytime tickets will be refunded in the form of a flight credit.If combining with other fares, the most restrictive fare's rules apply. ![]()
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